| Population growth and
in-migration to the CMA are the main causes of urban expansion. Associated with these
pressures, however, is the rapid spread of urban sprawl in certain areas. Urban expansion and consequent soil loss leads to a
loss of habitat for conservation and hinders the optimal functioning of aquatic, marine
and terrestrial ecosystems.
|
Three main types of soil,
which form the basis for all habitats, occur in the CMA, namely:
- Shallow, sandy acidic soils;
- Deeper, calcareous sandy soils; and,
- Soils derived from the weathering of parent
material and which are relatively rich in clay.
The shallow, sandy soils occur on or close
to mountain slopes in the CMA, such as around Table Mountain. These are primarily under
urban development. They are particularly susceptible to erosion, where injudicious
development can and does lead to erosion and slope failure.
The calcareous sandy soils are found in the
Cape Flats which are experiencing rapid urban development. These soils also occur in the
north eastern parts of the CMA, where agriculture (wheat, vines) and urban development
exist.
High level of canalisation of rivers (more
than 350 km) reducing soil creation and deposition.
|
