The Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication Action Plan

PMG 137
PSC 76

NATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS SOUTH AFRICA

ACTION PLAN DEVELOPMENT PHASE

ACTION PLAN FOR
CAPACITY BUILDING, EDUCATION
AWARENESS AND COMMUNICATION

version B

15 September 1999

Job. 970296
Ref No. Reports\Formal\4.1.23\AP Capacity Building Prep. CB Team
Ed. Version B Contr. PMG
Date. 15 September 1999 Appd. -

Table of contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY *

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONs *

1. BACKGROUND *

1.1 Status Quo of Capacity Building in Waste Management in South Africa *
1.2 Policy and Strategy Environment *
1.3 NWMS Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication. *
1.4 Motivation and Justification for Initiative *

2. ANALYSIS *

2.1 Problem analysis *
2.1.1 Conceptual Development *
2.1.2 Social Development *
2.1.3 Integrated Waste Management Planning (IWMP) *
2.1.4 Waste Information System (WIS) *
2.1.5 Waste Minimisation and Recycling *
2.1.6 Waste Collection and Transportation *
2.1.7 Waste Treatment and Disposal *

2.2 Stakeholder analysis *

2.3 Risk Analysis *

2.4 Methodology *

3. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS *

3.1 Overall Goal/Development Objective *

3.2 The Long-term Objective *

3.3 Immediate objectives *

3.4 Outputs *

3.5 Activities *

3.6 Inputs *
3.6.1 Financial *
3.6.2 Human Resources *
3.6.3 Implementing the NWMS Action Plans *

3.7 Assumptions and Constraints *

3.8 Monitoring of progress *

3.9 Organisational and Financial Sustainability *

4. IMPLEMENTATION *

4.1 Functions, Roles and Responsibilities of Implementers *

4.2 Action Plan Review, Evaluation and Reporting *

4.3 Project Implementation Plan *

ANNEXURES

A. Existing capacity building programmes in South Africa.

B. Logical Framework Analysis Matrix

C. Project Implementation Plan [Excel Spreedsheet file]

D. Relevant Organisational Chart

E. Capacity building, education, awareness and communication methodologies

F. Glossary of Terms

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document – The Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication Action Plan – complements all of the other short-term priority Action Plans of the National Waste Management Strategy (Integrated Waste Management Planning; Waste Information System; General Waste Collection; Waste Minimisation and Recycling; and Waste Treatment and Disposal) that were developed between January and September 1999.

The aim of this Action Plan is to outline a set of measures aimed at building the capacity of the responsible authorities, organisations and individuals who will be involved in the implementation and management of the National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS). The need for this specific Action Plan was identified as a high priority initiative in the National Waste Management Strategy, Version C (June 1999).

The Action Plan was developed using the Logical Framework Analysis methodology. This involves analysing the nature of the problem, reviewing stakeholder involvement, and identifying the key risks that are critical to implementation of the Action Plan. On the basis of this analysis, the objectives and key outputs of the Action Plan are defined, and a detailed description is provided of the activities, inputs, assumptions and means of verification that are required for the objectives and outputs to be achieved. Finally, the roles and responsibilities of the affected government personnel, and the procedures for evaluating, reviewing and reporting on implementation of the Action Plan are described. In developing the Action Plan, consideration has been given to all the stakeholder comments that were received during the development of the NWMS.

While consideration has been given to the medium and long-term objectives, this Action Plan specifically addresses the immediate objectives. These immediate objectives, which are to be achieved by implementation of this Action Plan over the period July 1999 - December 2004, are as follows:

The development and implementation of ongoing capacity building programmes for the national, provincial and local government departments that are directly involved in implementing the NWMS.
The development and implementation of ongoing education, awareness and communication programmes for other government departments, the private sector and members of civil society who contribute to the implementation and success of the NWMS.

To achieve these immediate objectives, the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) will facilitate the management of and co-ordinate the capacity building initiative, as well as the education, awareness and communication programmes, through the Department's Environmental Capacity Building Unit (ECBU). Th e capacity building initiative will be linked with existing similar initiatives, such as the National Waste Management Campaign. Those provincial and local authorities which have specific responsibilities for waste management are to undertake the capacity building of their own personnel, and to implement their own education, awareness and communication programmes; in this regard provincial departments will assist local government.

The development and implementation of the capacity building and the education, awareness and communication programmes, will be undertaken by DEAT in conjunction with other government departments, the private sector and civil society organisations. The delivery process is aligned to the specific time frames of the NWMS and in accordance with the capacity building, education, awareness and communication project implementation plan (PIP).

The Action Plan commences with a review of the current status of waste management capacity building programmes, and waste management education, awareness and communication in South Africa, and a review of existing relevant government policies and strategies. The capacity building, education, awareness and communication requirements of the NWMS and associated Action Plans form the basis of this Action Plan.

A number of external factors are identified as critical to the successful implementation of this Action Plan. These factors include: acceptance of the NWMS by government and other stakeholders; the allocation of adequate human and financial resources; and successful implementation and timely implementation of the other Action Plans (Implementing Instruments, Integrated Waste Management Planning, Waste Information System, Waste Minimisation and Recycling, Waste Collection and Treatment and Disposal.).

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONs

APIG	Action Plan Implementation Group
CEC	Committee for Environmental Co-ordination
CBO	Community-Based Organisation
CBWG	Capacity Building Working Group
DANCED	Danish Co-operation for Environment and Development
DEAT	Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism
DTL	Departmental Task Leader
DWAF	Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
DOH	Department of Health
ECBU	Environmental Capacity Building Unit of DEAT
EIA	Environmental Impact Assessment
ETQA	Education and Training Quality Assurance
IP&WM	Integrated Pollution and Waste Management
IWM (SA)	Institute of Waste Management of South Africa
IWMP	Integrated Waste Management Planning
LNA	Learning Needs Analysis
NEAF	National Environmental Advisory Forum
NQF	National Qualifications Framework
NWMS	National Waste Management Strategy
PIP	Project Implementation Plan
SAQA	South African Qualifications Authority
SETA	Sector Education and Training Authorities
WC	Waste Collection and Transport
WIS	Waste Information System
WM	Waste Minimisation and Recycling
WT	Waste Treatment and Disposal

1. BACKGROUND

Responsibility for waste management has historically been divided amongst different government departments, at national, provincial and local level. Traditionally "waste management" has never been managed as a single integrated concern in South Africa, but instead has been managed in terms of other focus areas, such as water quality and environmental health.

The level of governmental capacity in the field of waste management is generally extremely limited. This lack of capacity within government, and (to a lesser extent) within the private sector, has resulted in waste management generally being regarded as a low priority issue.

Section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996) states that the people of South Africa have a right to an environment that is not detrimental to their health, and imposes a duty on the state to promulgate legislation and to implement policies to ensure that this right is upheld. To date, a number of steps have been taken in fulfilment of this environmental right, including the publication of the Environmental Management Policy for South Africa (1998), the publication of the Draft White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management (IP&WM) (Notice 749 1998), the promulgation of the National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) and the National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998), and the development of the National Waste Management Strategy (1999), of which this Action Plan is part.

The process to generate the National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) for South Africa was initiated in 1997 by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), with financial support from the Danish Co-operation for Environment and Development (DANCED). The overall objective of the NWMS is to reduce the generation and environmental impact of all forms of waste in South Africa, and to ensure that the health of its people and the quality of its environmental resources are no longer adversely affected by uncontrolled and uncoordinated waste management. In line with the integrated pollution and waste management (IP & WM) approach, the NWMS addresses all elements in the waste management hierarchy.

The NWMS project consists of four phases:

Phase I, The Inception Phase: During this phase detailed project planning for the project was undertaken, in consultation with stakeholders; this phase was completed in December 1997.

Phase II, The Situation/Baseline Analysis Phase: This phase was completed in May 1998. During this phase waste issues, problems and needs were identified and the findings synthesised into an integrated Situation/Baseline Analysis Report, which was workshopped with stakeholders to identify the waste management needs and issues to be addressed in the strategy formulation phase.

Phase III, The Strategy Formulation Phase: This phase commenced immediately after completion of the Situation/Baseline Analysis Phase, with a debate of the key issues identified during that phase, and the development of a wide range of strategic options and scenarios. The draft NWMS Version A document was based upon the inputs and direction from the Project Steering Committee (PSC.), and was workshopped with stakeholders in November 1998. At the request of workshop attendees and the PSC, the Draft NWMS Version B document was compiled, and issued for stakeholder comment over the period mid-December 1998 to mid-February 1999. The input that was received was compiled into a Stakeholder Analysis Report, and was incorporated into the final NWMS (Version C) that was issued on 7 June 1999.

Phase IV, Action Plan Development Phase: The process of developing Action Plans to implement the priority strategic initiatives identified in the draft NWMS commenced in early 1999. In order to develop a practical and implementable strategy the priority initiatives have been categorised into short (by the year 2004), medium (by the year 2008) and long-term (by the year 2012) priorities. Most stakeholders have in principle accepted a number of initiatives that require urgent attention.

Of these issues, implementation of integrated waste management planning, and provision of general waste collection services to previously unserviced areas and the development and implementation of the Waste Information System were identified as high priority. Action Plans (Set I) were therefore developed between January and April 1999 for Integrated Waste Management Planning, General Waste Collection and the Waste Information System, in addition to an Interim Project Plan for Implementing Instruments. During the development of each draft Action Plan, due cognisance was taken of the stakeholder comments contained in the Stakeholder Analysis Report
(PMG 112).

Action Plans (Set II) for the remaining elements of integrated waste management, namely Waste Minimisation and Recycling, and Waste Treatment and Disposal, have been developed over the period May to September 1999. At the same time, the Interim Project Plan on Implementing Instruments was updated and this Action Plan on Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication was completed.

The long-term objective of this Action Plan is to ensure the effective implementation and maintenance of sustainable programmes for capacity building, education, awareness and communication, relating to the NWMS and to supporting waste management activities in South Africa. The Action Plan is designed to provide the implementing agencies with:

a guide on how to build the capacity of departmental personnel;
a suggested process that should be adopted for establishing education, awareness and communication programmes within other government departments and civil society.

For the NWMS to be effectively implemented, it is essential that suitable financial and human resources and capacity exist within the designated implementing agencies. In addition, other government agencies and civil society must appreciate the reasons for the implementation of the Strategy, and must fully understand their respective waste management responsibilities.

To obtain a full understanding of the implications of this Action Plan, implementers of the Action Plan (as well as external interested parties) should familiarise themselves with the full range of National Waste Management Strategy documents, in particular the following documents:

National Waste Management Strategy, Version C, 7 June 1999 (PMG 130)
A South African Waste Management Capacity Building Framework for National, Provincial and Regional Departments and Local Authorities (Discussion Document, 19 March 1999)
Action Plan for General Waste Collection, 7 June 1999 (PMG 132)
Action Plan for Integrated Waste Management Planning, 7 June 1999 (PMG 131)
Action Plan for Waste Information System, 7 June 1999 (PMG 133)
Action Plan for Waste Minimisation and Recycling, 12 July 1999 (PMG 136)
Action Plan for Waste Treatment and Disposal, 12 July 1999 (PMG 135)
Implementing Instruments Project Plan, 12 July 1999 (PMG 134)
Stakeholders Analysis Draft Report , 10 March 1999 (PMG 112)

1.1 Status Quo of Capacity Building in Waste Management in South Africa

This section briefly outlines the current status of capacity building initiatives in the field of waste management in South Africa, and identifies some of the main associated concerns in the public and private sectors.

Governmental Agencies

Formal capacity building initiatives relating specifically to waste management issues have not in the past been prevalent in national, provincial and local government sectors. When capacity building has occurred, it has largely been as a result of the motivation of individuals rather than departments.

The level of knowledge, skills and competencies relating to waste management varies significantly between the different implementing agencies at national, provincial and local government level. While there are a number of national and provincial government representatives who have been actively involved in and exposed to the development of the NWMS, and who have a comparatively high degree of competence within specific sectors, this level of exposure to the NWMS and competency in integrated waste management are not common in government departments, and are lacking particularly in local government.

Although waste management responsibilities are fairly well defined at national and provincial government levels, the definitions of such responsibilities vary within local government. The responsible authority may for example be the local departments relating to Health, Parks, Engineering or Waste and Water, with each authority having different approaches to managing waste. In many local governments, waste management has been undertaken primarily by the health authorities, who accordingly have received more education and training on health issues than on waste management. The competencies of personnel vary considerably depending on the availability of resources and the priorities in allocation in the council and the community.

Civil society

The level of awareness concerning waste and waste management issues also varies significantly among members of the general public. There have been very few formal waste education, awareness and communication programmes or campaigns undertaken for this sector. For this reason, the implementers of the NWMS have recognised the need for extensive education, awareness and communication programmes regarding the implications and implementation of the NWMS. These programmes need to be developed in co-operation with government departments and with relevant representatives of civil society.

Current Capacity Building Programmes

In South Africa there are few formal capacity building programmes in the field of integrated waste management (Refer to Annexure A). However a number of independent organisations, such as the Institute of Waste Management of South Africa (IWM (SA)), in conjunction with tertiary education institutions, are currently formalising waste management courses and development programmes throughout South Africa.

A recent initiative is the establishment by DEAT of a DANCED sponsored Environmental Capacity Building Unit (ECBU) with the objective to:

Facilitate environmental capacity building services throughout the government.
Increase national environmental capacity on a national scale within Waste Management and the Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) process.

At a provincial level there have been a number of new initiatives, including for example the environmental and waste education programmes of Gauteng and Mpumalanga. Similarly in local government there have been some training, awareness and communication programmes, including for example certain initiatives within the Johannesburg South Metropolitan Local Council, and the Western Cape Metropolitan Council (through the activities of the Fairest Cape Association).

During the last year (1998), waste management was formally recognised as a distinct academic discipline, and motivations are currently being processed to formalise waste management education and training programmes and courses through the National Qualifications Framework (NQF) and the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA), as well as through the establishment of a Waste Management Sector Education & Training Authority (Waste Management SETA).

In light of these recent developments give waste management the required educational status, it is an opportune time to build capacity in relevant governmental departments. The challenge is to ensure that the responsible persons assigned to undertake waste management functions recognise the importance of their responsibilities and that they respond to the capacity building process in a positive manner.

Two fundamental principles underlie the capacity building, education, awareness and communication process. They are:

That implementation of waste management systems within each local authority will improve the health of the community and the quality of the environment by reducing incorrectly managed waste.
That implementation of effective waste management systems can only occur through the payment for the waste management services rendered.

1.2 Policy and Strategy Environment

The Consultative National Environmental Policy Process (CONNEPP) resulted in the development of the Environmental Management Policy for South Africa and the promulgation of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) (Act 107 of 1998). This Act provides for co-operative environmental governance by establishing principles and procedures for decision making on matters affecting the environment. An important function of NEMA is to serve as an enabling Act for the promulgation of legislation to effectively address integrated environmental management, including the management of waste-related issues.

Whereas the Environmental Management Policy delineates government’s broad policy on environmental management, the draft White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management (IP&WM) provides more specific detail on government’s policy on pollution and waste management. This draft White Paper formed the point of departure and the framework for the development of the National Waste Management Strategy and its associated Action Plans. The Draft White Paper lists seven strategic goals, two of which have a direct bearing on the Action Plan for Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication: the development of an "Effective institutional framework and legislation", and the need for "Empowerment and environmental education."

Environmental legislation in South Africa has often been criticised for being unduly fragmented and frequently overlapping. A review of existing pollution and waste legislation has already been undertaken, and will be revisited as part of the DEAT Law Reform Process, to identify where legislation is duplicated, and where it is deficient with respect to implementation of the initiatives within the NWMS.

The legislative developments have been undertaken firstly, to consolidate the fragmented environmental legislation that has previously existed in South Africa and secondly, to focus on preventive measures, namely through the Draft White Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management (IP & WM) and the National Waste Management Strategy.

The responsibility of the implementing agencies, primarily at provincial and local government level, is to align and integrate the aforementioned legislation into existing and pending environmental plans. Implementing such initiatives will be challenging and will require high levels of competency.

1.3 NWMS Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication.

The National Waste Management Strategy (Version ‘C’) expressly recognises the need to build capacity, and to increase the level of awareness and communication in all sectors of government, the private sector and civil society, so as to ensure the effective implementation of the Action Plans. The NWMS states:

"Capacity building for implementing and administering integrated waste management strategies in the public sector will be planned during 1999 and implemented throughout the strategy period. Capacity building activities around waste management must form part of a capacity building plan and be co-ordinated with other environmental capacity building initiatives of other departments."

In terms of the NWMS, the capacity building plan will consist of the following two initiatives:

Development of a formal Capacity Building Programme for national, provincial and local government.
Development of an education, awareness and communication strategy to complement the formal Capacity Building Programme by informing all levels of government, the private sector, and civil society of the NWMS and associated waste management developments.

Formal Capacity Building Programme

Once the scope of their roles and responsibilities for the implementation of the NWMS have been identified, national, provincial and local governments will be responsible for determining their individual capacity building requirements. A Learning Needs Analysis (LNA) will be undertaken to identify the specific skills, knowledge and competencies that are required at each level of government. Throughout the capacity building process, a core curriculum will be applied to ensure a synergy of development and standardisation for all sectors. Capacity building requirements will be designed specifically to meet the needs of each level of government.

It is anticipated that numerous capacity building programmes will be undertaken. Further information on these programmes is contained in "A South African Waste Management Capacity Building Framework for National, Provincial and Regional Departments and Local Authorities - Discussion Document (19 March 1999)."

To ensure that skills and competencies are retained within the government departments, it is proposed that personnel development programmes and career mapping initiatives be developed. Situation analysis and performance appraisals will need to be made to identify deviations in performance. Furthermore, it is essential that institutional capacity is built through the development of manuals and guidelines, which are available to provincial and local government. Systems will be developed that will ensure that all project information, programmes and procedures are available to all personnel.

It is important to ensure that these initiatives are integrated with other current capacity building programmes and processes such as: The Department of Environmental and Affairs and Tourism's DANCED sponsored Environmental Capacity Building Unit (ECBU).
The capacity building initiatives in the provincial environmental departments of Mpumalanga and Gauteng.
The local authority programmes of the Johannesburg South Metropolitan Local Council, the Fairest Cape Association and Durban Metro.
Initiatives of organisations such as the Institute of Waste Management, Universities, Technikons, and specific programmes within the private sector.
The existing or proposed formal waste management training programmes for all levels of government (these are described further in Annexure A).

Education, Awareness and Communication

The education, awareness and communication strategy is to be undertaken in conjunction with government departments, the business community and civil society. It is proposed that the following sequence of events be followed:

Identify the education, awareness and communication requirements for each sector with reference to the implementation requirements of the NWMS.
Identify education, awareness and communication opportunities and processes.
Draw up an education, awareness and communication schedule for civil society and each sector, as required.

National government will promote the widespread use of this Capacity Building Action Plan and other capacity building programmes, as well as developing education and training modules and curricula, and initiating symposia and workshops.

National government, in consultation with stakeholders, will promote and facilitate the development of professional networks and waste management forums. The DEAT Internet website, as well as other forms of media will be used to disseminate waste management information and to ensure transparency and facilitate public participation. Available information may include: baseline data of waste generated; links to other waste management data sources; links to government initiatives; contact names; applicable legislation and regulations; as well as the results of demonstration projects.

The DEAT has established the National Waste Management Campaign (NWMC) which provides communities with information on waste management issues and developments, and involves them in implementing waste management systems. The NWMC will play a significant role in disseminating information concerning the NWMS.

South Africa has been selected to host the Regional Training Centre on the Basel Convention for the English speaking African countries. This development, as well as other international waste management capacity building initiatives, will be promoted and encouraged and used to develop the waste management capacity in South Africa. The scope for the Basel Training Centre could be widened to include other aspects of integrated waste management.

1.4 Motivation and Justification for Initiative

Effective implementation of the NWMS is dependent upon the existence of qualified and competent personnel in national, provincial and local government, and on the presence of an informed public that is willing to play a role in the implementation of the initiatives. Within government, it is important to build and retain technical capacity on specific waste management issues, and to ensure that there is an appropriate awareness and understanding of the aims of the NWMS and the specific organisational responsibilities assigned by the NWMS.

Effective implementation of the NWMS is also dependent upon the general public taking responsibility not only for managing their waste, but also for paying for the waste management services rendered to them. Capacity building, education, awareness and communication are combined and inter-dependent processes involving all citizens and sectors of government.

2. ANALYSIS

This Action Plan has been designed to address the capacity building requirements of the relevant national government departments, provincial and local government, and where necessary, to provide the private sector and general public with a sound understanding of the NWMS and their respective roles and responsibilities. It is intended through this Action Plan to address the diverse needs of a broad spectrum of audiences, by providing both formal capacity building programmes, as well as informal education, awareness and communication strategies and programmes.

2.1 Problem analysis

Based on an analysis of existing capacity-building initiatives, and in terms of the requirements of the other NWMS Action Plans, a number of problems and priority issues have been identified as issues that should be addressed with the Action Plan on Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Capacity Building.

Following is a summary of the capacity building requirements associated with each of the NWMS Action Plans. These lists summarise the core activities that are required for implementation of each Action Plan. Further details on these activities are included in each respective Action Plan. The list includes activities for which capacity may already exist within the respective government departments.

The focus of this Action Plan is on technical capacity development. However, the importance of conceptual and social development as a support to technical capacity development is recognised. Areas such as management in a turbulent and changing environment, appropriate policy development, conflict management, negotiation skills should be addressed. Key to the success of the implementation of the NWMS is to build and retain capacity in government.

2.1.1 Conceptual Development

For the successful implementation of the NWMS Action Plans, and in particular the Action Plans for Integrated Waste Management Planning and the Waste Information System, government personnel must be able to comprehend the information that is gathered and interpret the requirements into a concise and attainable work programme.

2.1.2 Social Development

The development of interpersonal skills is essential to the implementation of the NWMS. Personnel should possess self confidence in their abilities, be able to mentor junior staff and be trained in conflict management and negotiation skills. These skills are particularly important when interacting with stakeholders in the development of partnerships, as well as for effective public participation. The ability to translate and communicate technical information at an appropriate level to all stakeholders is an essential pre-requisite.

Many aspects of the NWMS such as location of waste disposal sites, the transportation of hazardous waste and thermal treatment facilities have evoked a range of opinion from the different sectors of stakeholders. In order to implement the Action Plans, communication and negotiation between government and stakeholders is critical for the success of the NWMS.

2.1.3 Integrated Waste Management Planning (IWMP)

To ensure the effective development and implementation of integrated waste management plans, it will be necessary to enhance capacity in all levels of government, with the greatest need being at the local government level. With regard to the general public, if there is to be effective participation of stakeholders in the planning process, it is necessary that these stakeholders have a sound understanding of the principles and processes of integrated waste management planning.

A summary of the capacity requirements relating to IWMP is provided below:

National Government needs enhanced capacity to:

Review existing local, provincial and national legislation relating to IWMP, environmental management planning and land use.
Undertake the necessary background studies and analyses to facilitate effective planning (details on these studies are in the IWMP Action Plan (PMG 131)).
Undertake drafting of relevant guideline documents and regulations.
Develop education, awareness and communication programmes and materials.

Provincial Government needs capacity to:

Undertake an analysis of the types and quantities of hazardous and industrial waste currently produced and make future projections based on this analysis;
Develop provincial IWMP for hazardous waste including industrial, pesticide and medical waste and sewage sludge;
Revise hazardous waste plans;
Review IWMP for general waste developed by local authorities;
Summarise the IWMP of local authorities and incorporate it into provincial plans;
Establish communication channels with and guide the industrial sector if necessary;
Implement the education, awareness and communication programmes in civil society regarding hazardous and industrial waste.

Local Government needs capacity to:

Undertake an analysis of types and quantities of waste generated and make future projections;
Develop and revise general waste management plans;
Undertake the education, awareness and communication programmes in civil society regarding IWMP and the waste management hierarchy.

Civil society needs capacity to participate effectively in public participation processes during the development of legislation and the guidelines for compiling hazardous waste management plans.

2.1.4 Waste Information System (WIS)

Limited capacity is currently available in government for the implementation and operation of the Waste Information System. Capacity building will also be required in the commercial and industrial sectors to create a greater awareness and understanding of integrated waste management and to ensure support for the WIS. This capacity building is of particular importance since certain sectors have a perceived need to keep the information they supply to the WIS confidential. A summary of the capacity requirements relating to the WIS for each level of government and the private sector is provided below:

National Government needs capacity to:

Draw up guideline documents and regulations for the WIS;
Undertake the WIS tendering process;
Co-ordinate the data collection managed by local authorities;
Verify information that is provided and report on the data received;
Develop education, awareness and communication programmes and materials;
Assist the provincial and local authorities to capacitate WIS staff.

Provincial Government needs capacity to process data and undertake quality assurance.

Local Government needs capacity to:

Register information providers;
Establish and implement waste data collection systems;
Undertake the WIS education, awareness and communication programmes in civil society.

2.1.5 Waste Minimisation and Recycling

It appears that there is insufficient awareness and understanding of the benefits and techniques associated with the implementation of waste minimisation and cleaner production approaches outside those organisations, which are directly involved with such initiatives. There remains a predominant emphasis in both the public and private sectors on " end-of-pipe" treatment, rather than preventative waste management strategies. Similarly, the practice of waste recycling is not generally considered to be an essential or standard part of the waste management system in South Africa, and major initiatives have been on an ad hoc basis. Notwithstanding this lack of awareness, many community organisations are interested in assisting with promoting recycling. Enhanced education and awareness will assist in promoting more widespread adoption of recycling practices, including for example waste separation and organic composting,

A summary of the capacity requirements relating to waste minimisation and recycling in each level of government and the private sector is provided below:

National Government needs capacity to:

Develop a list of priority pollutants and waste streams, and set legislated waste minimisation targets for specific substances and materials;
Investigate the feasibility of introducing regulatory and economic instruments to promote waste minimisation and recycling;
Promote and facilitate demonstration projects that focus on identifying generic waste minimisation and recycling techniques;
Investigate the feasibility, mandate and structure of national waste minimisation centres;
Investigate existing recycling initiatives, determine the potential for increased recycling in different sectors and promote specific recycling initiatives.

Provincial Government needs capacity to:

Co-ordinate industry and public initiatives in waste minimisation;

Implement national and provincial waste minimisation initiatives;
Integrate waste minimisation and recycling activities in departmental initiatives, as part of their Environmental Implementation and Management Plans.

Local Government needs capacity to:

Incorporate waste minimisation and recycling in their waste management activities;
Promote the development of waste minimisation and recycling partnerships with the private sector;
Establish separation at source systems, where appropriate;
Undertake the waste minimisation and recycling education, awareness and communication programmes in civil society.

Industry needs access to more comprehensive information regarding the techniques associated with waste minimisation, while civil society would benefit from education, awareness and communication on the benefits and techniques associated with waste minimisation and recycling.

2.1.6 Waste Collection and Transportation

To achieve effective implementation of the Action Plan on Waste Collection and Transportation, there are a number of demands on government capacity requirements. These are summarised below:

National Government needs capacity to:

Investigate, analyse and report on sustainable waste collection service models;
Develop guidelines, standards and regulations for waste collection services;
Evaluate implemented collection systems;
Develop education, awareness and communication programmes and materials.

Provincial Government needs capacity to:

Develop guidelines and regulations, and assist national government with the development of standards for waste collection services;
Review existing regulations, by-laws and guidelines for waste collection and transportation.
Register and monitor hazardous waste transporters;
Establish and control hazardous waste collection/transfer facilities in their area
Regularly monitor collection services provided by local government.

Local Government needs capacity to:

Establish by-laws to implement national and provincial regulations;
Establish an implementing team and a waste management task team to ensure participation of all relevant stakeholders;
Develop a detailed implementation plan, prepare a budget and identify and acquire the resources required;
Establish public-private partnerships;
Develop and implement collection services;
Review, evaluate and report on the performance of waste collection services;
Undertake the education, awareness and communication programmes in civil society regarding waste collection and payment for services.

Civil society requires ongoing education, awareness and communication programmes, which focus on the reasons for the levying of service charges and the necessity of paying for services.

2.1.7 Waste Treatment and Disposal

The current approach to general waste in South Africa is common to developing countries, with the emphasis predominantly on disposal by landfill without treatment. Incineration of general waste is seldom practised. In addition, many of the existing incinerators do not comply with the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act, and have significant negative impacts on adjacent communities.

The need for extensive capacity building in government and civil society is essential for their effective participation in the implementation of the NWMS. A summary of the capacity requirements for each level of government and the private sector relating to waste treatment and disposal is provided below:

National Government needs capacity to:

Revise air emission standards and update the classification system for hazardous waste treatment facilities;
Set standards and guidelines for hazardous waste treatment and disposal;
Draft and promulgate regulations and guidelines for the collection, treatment and transportation of all wastes;
Identify those sites not complying with the Minimum Requirements and take the necessary action to ensure compliance;
Plan for a system of well functioning medical waste treatment plants;
Issue permits for medical waste treatment plants;
Undertake investigations into treatment technologies for hazardous waste;
Develop a permitting system for mining and coal combustion wastes;
Assist provincial departments in preparing integrated hazardous waste management plans;
Draw up a register of waste treatment facilities;
Monitor and audit waste incineration facilities;
Develop and implement capacity building plans and public awareness campaigns.

Provincial Government needs capacity to:

Develop hazardous waste treatment and disposal plans;
Co-ordinate and manage the waste treatment plans for industrial waste submitted by developers/owners;
In the short term, control, audit and enforce standards at waste treatment facilities;
Implement capacity building plans and public awareness campaigns.

Local Government needs capacity to:

Develop and submit plans for general waste treatment and disposal;
Implement the guidelines for hazardous waste collection and transportation;
In the long term control, audit and enforce standards at waste treatment and disposal facilities;
Identify sites not complying with the Minimum Requirements and take appropriate action to enforce compliance;
Identify sites impacting on the environment and issue closure permits;
Rehabilitate and operate existing general waste disposal sites;
Formalise and control salvaging on landfill sites;
Implement capacity building plans and public awareness campaigns.

Civil society requires education, awareness and communication on the different waste treatment technologies, the effective treatment and destruction of hazardous waste and the cost effectiveness of each type of treatment. Furthermore, it would be beneficial to improve the community’s level of understanding and awareness on issues such as: the siting of waste disposal facilities; the impacts of illegal dumping; and the health and safety risks associated with salvaging on landfill sites.

2.2 Stakeholder analysis

There are a number of key stakeholders that have been involved in the development of the Capacity Building, Awareness and Communication Action Plan and that need to be involved in further processes and consultations:

Government Departments:

DEAT: as lead agent will have overall responsibility for managing the capacity building initiative and the education, awareness and communication programmes through the Department's Environmental Capacity Building Unit (ECBU) and as part of the National Waste Management Campaign.

DWAF: will participate in the education, awareness and communication network, and will assist with building capacity in government departments.

The National Department of Health (DOH): responsible for undertaking the waste management education and training of local and regional health authorities, and environmental health officers.

The Department of Minerals and Energy: will participate in an education, awareness and communication network and will assist with the capacity building of its personnel.

The Department of Trade and Industry: will participate in an education, awareness and communication network and will assist with the capacity building of its personnel.

The Department of Transport: will participate in an education, awareness and communication network and will assist with the capacity building of its personnel.

The Department of Agriculture: will participate in an education, awareness and communication network and will assist with the capacity building of its personnel.

The Department of Development, Labour and Provincial and Local Government Affairs: will participate in an education, awareness and communication network and will assist with the capacity building of its personnel.

Provincial Environmental Departments: will implement education, awareness and communication programmes, undertake capacity building of their own personnel, and assist local government with their capacity building programmes.

Local Government: will implement measures aimed at building the capacity of relevant personnel in relevant local government departments: e.g. health, engineering, parks, recreation, waste, and water departments; and the local authority planning departments.

Other Stakeholder Groups include:

The waste management industry: which will be able to provide expertise in the field of waste management education and training as well as participate in secondment programmes.

Technical and educational institutions and professional associations: for example, universities, Technikons, schools, the Institute of Waste Management and other professional associations can provide education and training in integrated waste management.

Trade union organisations: can be directly involved in raising the awareness of workers on waste-related issues.

Community Based Organisations, Non-Governmental Organisations and Residents Monitoring Committees: can actively participate in capacity building projects and in public education, awareness and communication campaigns.

2.3 Risk Analysis

Successful implementation of the Capacity Building, Awareness and Communication Action Plan is dependant upon certain conditions ("risk factors") being met which are outside the control of the implementing agencies. The following risk factors have been identified as being critical to the implementation of the Action Plan on Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication:

National, Provincial and Local Government

Insufficient funds being allocated by national, provincial or local government to capacity building projects, due to constrained budgets and changing priorities;
An insufficient number of available personnel which may prevent the allocation of existing staff to manage the capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes;
Reluctance of certain government departments to accept the responsibilities and duties assigned to them in the NWMS;
Insufficient attention given to developing effective communication mechanisms in the relevant national, provincial and local government implementing agencies;
Insufficient attention given to the development of effective conflict management skills and mechanisms to facilitate interaction with stakeholders.
Failure of national and provincial government to assist the local authorities in capacity building;
A continuous high turnover of government personnel who have benefited from capacity building initiatives.

Civil society

A lack of recognition by stakeholders that waste is a priority issue, resulting in insufficient resources being allocated to waste management;
Insufficient support from the media and the private sector for NWMS education, awareness and communication programmes.

2.4 Methodology

A task team was established to develop the short-term priority Action Plan for Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication. This task team consisted of representatives from DEAT and DWAF, as well South African and Danish consultants.

An Action Plan Implementation Group (APIG) was established, consisting of the Chief Directors of DEAT and DWAF, the two Deputy Directors of DEAT and DWAF responsible for the NWMS and Action Plans, as well as other selected departmental representatives with specific responsibilities relating to waste management issues. The APIG will facilitate lateral and vertical co-ordination within government until September 1999. After September, this function will be fully undertaken by the relevant government departments, assisted and facilitated through the MINTECH Workgroup 3 and the Committee for Environmental Co-ordination (CEC).

This Action Plan was developed between May and July 1999. It uses the Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) approach, a highly structured methodology for project identification, planning and monitoring that is commonly used by development agencies. The LFA approach consists of a logical sequence of steps that analyses the stakeholders, the objectives and alternative strategies through to the development of an LFA Matrix. This Matrix describes the project objectives, outputs, activities required to achieve the outputs, inputs, assumptions (external factors) and the means of verification.

3. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS

Following an analysis of the problems, stakeholders and risks, a Logical Framework Analysis (LFA) matrix was prepared. The LFA matrix contains an outline of the logical steps, which are necessary to achieve the Action Plan objectives. The LFA matrix thus constitutes a summary of the objectives, outputs / deliverables, activities necessary to produce the outputs, inputs required, assumptions or external factors, monitoring and verification. The LFA matrix for this Action Plan is contained as Annexure B and the elements of the matrix are described in more detail below.

3.1 Overall Goal/Development Objective

The overall development objective of the NWMS is the reduced generation and environmental impact of all forms of waste, so that the socio-economic development of South Africa, the health of its people and the quality of its environmental resources are no longer adversely affected by uncontrolled and uncoordinated waste management.

3.2 The Long-term Objective

The long-term objective of the Action Plan for Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication is the implementation of sustained capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes for the NWMS and supporting waste management activities in South Africa.

3.3 Immediate objectives

The following short-term objective has been identified for the Action Plan for Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication, to be completed by December 2004:

The development and implementation of sustainable programmes for building capacity in national, provincial and local government departments and authorities involved with the implementation of the NWMS;
The development, implementation, maintenance and sustainability of education, awareness and communication programmes for the private sector and civil society for the implementation of the NWMS.

3.4 Outputs

The following outputs will result from the implementation of the Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication Action Plan by 2004 provided that the critical assumptions are addressed:

The implementation of a capacity building programme resulting in:

The identification, development and sustained provision of appropriate capacity building programmes within the stipulated time frames for the Waste Information System (WIS), Integrated Waste Management Planning (IWMP), Waste Minimisation and Recycling (WM), Waste Collection (WC) and Waste Treatment and Disposal (WT) Action Plans. All capacity building programmes will include the development of conceptual and social skills.
Capacitated organisations and personnel developed on a sustainable basis in national, provincial and local government in accordance with the stipulated NWMS time frames.

Identification, development and sustained provision, in conjunction with stakeholders, of the appropriate education, awareness and communication programmes for civil society, for the Waste Information System, Integrated Waste Management Planning, Waste Collection, Waste Minimisation and Recycling, and Waste Treatment and Disposal Action Plans, within the stipulated time frames.

3.5 Activities

An integral element of the achievement of these Action Plans is the establishment of a formal internal and external communication system. Communication has been identified as one of the key issues in each NWMS Action Plan and is of paramount importance in the capacity building, education, awareness and communication process.

In order to ensure effective implementation of the Action Plan for Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication, a number of activities need to be undertaken for each of the outputs described. These are described in more detail as follows:

OUTPUT 1: Capacity building process for each sphere of government departments

Communication Network: A defined communication network will be established between national, provincial, local government and other stakeholders with continual consultation in all development and implementation phases

Capacity Building Working Group (CBWG): DEAT will constitute a Capacity Building Working Group and will draw up the Terms of Reference for this team in collaboration with a communication network and other stakeholders

Identification of NWMS implications: The resources, tools (e.g. procedures, manuals and guideline), capacity and conflict management skills in each sector of government which are required to implement the short term Action Plans of the NWMS will be determined. This identification is to be undertaken by DEAT as the Lead Agent, in conjunction with relevant departments and stakeholders.

Capacity Building Needs: A comparative analysis will be undertaken by each department and every stakeholder in terms of its current capacity, including tools, and the capacity that will be required to successfully implement the Action Plans of the NWMS. Through this process, the capacity building needs of each organisation and its personnel are identified in accordance with their NWMS responsibilities. Capacity building programmes will integrate the technical, conceptual and social skills that are needed to facilitate multi-stakeholder participation.

Capacity Building Programmes and Processes: DEAT in conjunction with the CBWG, will compile a database of existing waste related capacity building programmes, processes and tools (e.g. procedures, manuals and guidelines), nationally and internationally. Existing national capacity building programmes, processes, tools and service providers will be reviewed in terms of meeting the needs and requirements of the NWMS, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) and the Skills Development Act. The process will also identify where insufficient, or no capacity building programmes, tools or processes exist. Particular attention will be given to the development of skills in communication, negotiation, facilitation and conflict management. The review process is to be undertaken by an independent body, known as a Waste Education and Training Quality Assurance (ETQA), in accordance with the SAQA to ensure compliance with the education and training standards of South Africa. Should the Waste ETQA not have been established for implementation of the NWMS, DEAT will appoint an interim review body to undertake this responsibility.

Capacity Building Programme Development: Where insufficient or no capacity building programmes, processes or tools exist, DEAT in conjunction with the CBWG will initiate and oversee the development of the required programmes, processes and tools by service providers. The programmes, processes and tools developed will be verified by the Waste ETQA or an interim review body, to ensure that they meet the NWMS capacity building programme requirements as well as the standards set by SAQA. Should the programmes, processes and tools developed locally not be suitable or acceptable, then the CBWG will investigate international sources. The Waste ETQA or interim review body will evaluate these programmes, processes and tools accordingly. If suitable, these programmes, processes and tools may be applied or modified in accordance with the needs of the NWMS and SAQA requirements. Approved waste management capacity building programmes, processes and tools will be collated and distributed to all departments and stakeholders requiring such programmes for their organisations and personnel.

Capacity Building Schedules: The implementation of the NWMS is phased according to the Strategy's Project Implementation Plan (PIP) and the requirements of each short term Action Plan. Prior to the implementation of each phase of the NWMS, organisational and personnel capacity building is to be undertaken by the relevant authorities based upon the Capacity Building Project Implementation Plan attached (Annexure C). Departments and stakeholders are to compile a capacity building programme schedule for the organisation and personnel in accordance with the Capacity Building Project Implementation Plan.

Review and evaluation: A review and evaluation of the NWMS performance level of the organisation and personnel is to be undertaken by each sector. This evaluation may be undertaken formally by the department or by independent organisations and performance will be measured against the effective execution of the sector's NWMS responsibilities. This activity will include a review of the use and effectiveness of the organisational tools (e.g. procedures, manuals and guidelines) that are developed.

Additional capacity building requirements: Based upon the review and evaluation process, additional NWMS capacity building requirements and organisational tools will be identified, which will also include induction programmes and processes for new employees. Existing processes, programmes and tools will be modified if necessary.

OUTPUT 2: Education, awareness & communication for private sector and civil society

Determining education, awareness and communication needs: DEAT as the Lead Agent, in conjunction with stakeholders, will ascertain the full implications of the NWMS Action Plans with respect to the education, awareness and communication needs of the private sector and civil society.

Education, awareness and communication programmes: DEAT is to compile a national database of existing waste related education, awareness and communication programmes, materials and service providers. Existing programmes, materials and service providers are to be reviewed in terms of the needs and requirements of the NWMS. The review is to be undertaken by an independent body (the Waste ETQA) in accordance with the requirements of the capacity building process. Should the Waste ETQA not be established when implementation of the NWMS commences, DEAT will appoint an interim review body to undertake this responsibility.

Education, Awareness and Communication Programme Development: Where insufficient or no education, awareness and communication programmes and materials exist, DEAT in conjunction with the CBWG, will initiate and oversee the modification / development of such programmes by service providers. Should there be no suitable service providers, DEAT will advertise for such providers. The developed programmes, materials and service providers will be verified by the Waste ETQA or the interim review body to ensure that they meet the requirements of the NWMS. Should programmes and materials developed locally and local service providers not be suitable or available, international sources will be investigated. Such programmes, materials and service providers will be assessed by the Waste ETQA or interim review body.

Communication network: DEAT is to establish communication links with the government authorities and other stakeholders responsible for undertaking the education, awareness and communication programmes. To assist with the dissemination of the NWMS information, the responsible authorities will establish communication links with their stakeholders. This process will include investigating the opportunities associated with the printed, visual and audio media, as well as examining other innovative communication opportunities, such as expositions and theatre.

Education, awareness and communication schedules: The implementation of the NWMS is phased according to the Strategy's Project Implementation Plan (PIP) and the requirements of the short term Action Plans. Prior to the implementation of each phase of the NWMS, education, awareness and communication is to be undertaken by the relevant authorities based upon the Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication Project Implementation Plan, attached as Annexure C. Departments and stakeholders are to compile an education, awareness and communication programme schedule for their community and stakeholders, in accordance with this Project Implementation Plan, as attached.

Implementation of Programmes: Based upon the education, awareness and communication schedule, the programmes are to be undertaken in collaboration with stakeholders.

Review and evaluation: The review and evaluation of the effectiveness of the education, awareness and communication programme/s is to be undertaken by each sector. This process may be undertaken formally by the organisation or by independent organisations, which will assess the level of support from the community and stakeholders for the NWMS.

Additional education, awareness and communication requirements: Based on the findings of the review and evaluation process, additional NWMS education, awareness and communication requirements will be identified. Once additional education, awareness and communication needs have been established, the relevant materials and service providers will be contracted and the programmes undertaken in accordance with the needs of the Strategy.

3.6 Inputs

The financial and human resource requirements for the effective implementation of the Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication Action Plan of the NWMS are summarised in Table 1. The table is divided into two sections:

The first section identifies the overall resource requirements of DEAT and the provincial authorities for implementation of the specific capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes;
The second section outlines the number of persons that need to be capacitated within each sphere of government, and identifies the financial requirements for capacity building, education, awareness and communication component in the other NWMS Action Plans.

3.6.1 Financial

The total estimated financial cost for the period 1999-2004 is 44.4 million Rand. The primary source of funding will come from the national budget, with supplementary funding coming from donors and funding agencies. The final cost may be considerably less than the estimated cost, depending on the prioritisation of the initiatives, as well as the availability of funding from donor agencies and other external sources.

A breakdown of the cost implications of the Action Plan is presented in Table 1. These financial costs are estimated totals in South African Rand, and should not be interpreted as precise budget figures. There is the possibility for significant cost reductions through the efficient use of existing personnel.

National Government

As outlined in Table 1, the costs to National Government in implementing this Action Plan up to 2004 will be distributed over the period 1999-2004. The breakdown of the cost distributions for the various activities is as follows:

Establish and implement Capacity Building Working Group: 2 million Rand

Evaluation of existing capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes and processes: R300 000 (1 person for 50% of their time)
Design and development of capacity building programme materials and organisational tools: 20 million Rand (1 person for 50% of their time)
Co-ordination and management of capacity building programmes and processes: R300 000 (1 person for 50% of their time)
Design and development of education, awareness and communication programme materials: 20 million Rand (1 person for 50% of their time)
Co-ordination and management of education, awareness and communication programmes and processes: 1.8 million Rand (2 persons)

Provincial Government

As outlined in Table 1, it is estimated that the costs to Provincial Government in implementing the Action Plan up to 2004 will be as follows:

Co-ordination and management of capacity building programmes and processes with local government: 5 million Rand (1 person per province/region for 50% of their time)
Co-ordination and management of education, awareness and communication programmes and processes with local government: 5 million Rand (1 person per province/region for 50% of their time)

3.6.2 Human Resources

It is estimated that for the period 1999 to 2004, the total personnel requirements for the implementation of this Action Plan will be 32 person years in national government and 36 person years in provincial government.

This estimate is for the total human resources required for effective implementation of the Action Plan, and does not necessarily represent the requirements for additional staff. In certain instances the activities in the Action Plan may be implemented by existing staff members and/or by staff who may be appointed in terms of some of the other NWMS Action Plans. It is anticipated that existing staff in local government will be used to implement the capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes and processes.

A breakdown of the personnel implications of this Action Plan is presented below.

National Government

The Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism will act as the lead agent for implementing the Action Plan, through the offices of the department’s Environmental Capacity Building Unit (ECBU). Key DEAT responsibilities include:

Establishing the CBWG;
Providing the central organisational and planning functions for the national capacity building, education, awareness and communication programme;
Determining the capacity building, education, awareness and communication requirements for each sector;
Identification and evaluation of existing education and awareness programmes and materials;
Co-ordinating the development and verification of additional capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes and materials as required;
Providing provincial and local authorities with capacity building, education, awareness and communication programme data base information for them to undertake their capacity building responsibilities;
Funding own capacity building requirements;
Providing initial funding for facilitating the development of the capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes and materials;
Reviewing and evaluating processes and identifying and generating additional capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes and materials, as required.

Provincial and Local Government

These authorities will be responsible for implementing the capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes in conjunction with stakeholders. Local authorities will report to provincial authorities on the progress of and problems in their capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes and processes. Provincial government will in turn report to DEAT. Where capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes resources and initiatives exist, such information is to be made available to DEAT, and where appropriate to be included in the programmes and materials database.

Civil Society

The participation of the private sector, non-governmental organisations, community-based organisations, and formal education institutions is essential for effective implementation of this Action Plan.

3.6.3 Implementing the NWMS Action Plans

For the implementation of the NWMS, the following personnel will be required for each sphere of government, and will need to be capacitated in order to fulfil their designated tasks and responsibilities. (The highest number of persons has been selected, as to represent the highest capacity building requirements). Each national and provincial department is responsible for implementing its own capacity building process and provincial departments are to assist local government with their capacity building, awareness and communication processes. DEAT is to develop the materials for the education, awareness and communication programmes.

The Human resource requirements for each sphere of government are as follows:

National Government

Integrated Waste Management Planning: National government will require 2 qualified staff with knowledge of waste planning and environmental law.

Waste Information System: 2 - 6 persons are required with qualifications in data capture, data management, information management and associated management principles.

Waste Minimisation and Recycling: 7 persons are required at national level with experience in waste management.

Waste Collection: 1 person is required with least 3 years of practical experience in waste management

Waste Treatment and Disposal: 17 persons with experience of waste management.

Provincial Government

Integrated Waste Management Planning: 18 persons (2 per province) with experience in waste planning, public relations and consultation processes.

Waste Information System: 13-50 persons with experience in data processing and quality assurance systems and knowledge of waste management.

Waste Minimisation and Recycling: 9 persons (1 per province) with experience in waste management.

Waste Collection: 9 persons (1 per province) are required, having at least 3 years of practical experience in waste management.

Waste Treatment and Disposal: 9 persons (1 per province) are required, having at least 3 years of practical experience in waste management.

Local Government

Integrated Waste Management Planning: Extensive capacity building, awareness and communication programmes will be required for this sphere of government, where it is estimated that 800 persons will be required.

Waste Information System: 250 to 1000 persons are required with experience in data collection and knowledge of waste management.

Waste Collection: 18 persons required with at least 2 years operational waste management experience. Capacity building will focus on national and local government and include workers and communities.

Waste Treatment and Disposal: 800 persons with operational waste management experience.

Table 1: Summary of Financial Requirements

		Estimated cost in Million Rand per year
Activity	Staffing	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
DEAT CB AC	2 2	5 8	9 8	8 4	0.2 0.6	0.2 0.6	0.2 0.6
Provincial CB AC	9 9	1 1	1 1	1 1	1 1	1 1
National Government
IWMP CB AC	2	0.25	0.50 0.5	0.25 0.5
WIS CB AC	2 – 6	0.25	1 1	0.5
WC CB AC	1	0.025	0.025 0.5
WM CB AC	7		2	2	1
WT CB AC	17	0.198	0.394	0.394	0.394
Provincial Government
IWMP CB AC	18			4.5	4.5 1	1	1
WIS CB AC	50		0.25
WC CB AC	9
WM CB AC	9
WT CB AC	9	0.155	0.308	0.308	0.308
Local Government
IWMP CB AC	800			4	8 2	4 2	1
WIS CB AC	250 – 1000		1 1	1 1	2 1
WC CB AC	15 –18		0.75	0.5	1	1
WM CB AC			3	3	2	1
WT CB AC	800	2 1	4 1	2 1	1	1

CB: Capacity Building	AC: Education, awareness and communication
IWMP: Integrated Waste Management Planning	WIS: Waste Information System
WM: Waste Minimisation	WC: Waste Collection
WT: Waste Treatment and Disposal

3.7 Assumptions and Constraints

The successful implementation of the activities of the Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication Action Plan is dependent on a number of specific assumptions being met. These assumptions are:

Cabinet approval of the NWMS and associated Action Plans.
Implementation of the NWMS is recognised as a priority issue by government, and all stakeholders.
Commitment from all affected national, provincial and local government departments to the capacity building, education, awareness and communication process.
Availability of funding for the capacity building, education, awareness and communication programme.
Availability and commitment of competent government personnel to implement the Action Plan
Clear responsibilities and duties are assigned to and accepted by all the parties responsible for implementing the NWMS.
All departments participate in the capacity building process and undertake their communication actions timeously.
Commitment of all the stakeholders to the NWMS education, awareness and communication campaigns.

3.8 Monitoring of progress

The DEAT will be responsible for monitoring the overall progress of the implementation of the Action Plan. The progress will be monitored through the timely delivery of the outputs. It is imperative that monitoring takes place, so that any additional capacity building, education, awareness and communication requirements may be identified and addressed.

The monitoring of the successful implementation of the capacity building, education, awareness and communication action plan will be undertaken by applying the following monitoring mechanisms:

Monitoring of objectives

The NWMS Action Plans are operational.
Education, awareness and communication programmes for the private sector and civil society have been conducted in collaboration with the relevant departments.
Reduction of negative press reports about waste management issues.
Reduction in illegal waste disposal.
Significant increase in payments for services rendered, following awareness and communication campaigns.
The participation by waste generators, transporters and disposers in the Waste Information System
Increased volume of waste that is correctly disposed of.

Monitoring of outputs

Appropriate capacity building programmes are available.
Appropriate organisational tools (e.g. procedures, manuals, and guidelines) are available to assist personnel in the performance of their duties.
Departmental participation in the capacity building programmes.
Civil society gives a higher priority to waste issues - more recycling, payment for services and a better understanding of treatment technologies.
Effective performance of departmental NWMS responsibilities.
Capacity building programme reports compiled.
Number of participants in the capacity building programmes.
Evaluation reports on the effective implementation of the NWMS.

Monitoring of activities

Formal communication channels established between all government departments.
Documented scope of each department's NWMS responsibility.
Availability of Learning Needs Analysis and GAP Assessment reports.
Compilation of capacity building requirements for all personnel.
Identification of organisational tools (e.g. procedures, manuals and guidelines) required by each organisation.
Review of existing capacity building programmes and organisational tools in accordance with SAQA and the NWMS requirements.
Development of additional capacity building programmes and organisational tools.
Establishment of partnership programmes with civil society.
Capacity building programme schedules.
Capacity building course materials, monitoring and review reports and additional LNAs undertaken.
Organisational tools (e.g. procedures, manuals and guidelines) available and used by all relevant personnel.
Identification of the content required in the education, awareness and communication campaign, and the relevant material prepared for each element of the NWMS.
Review and evaluation of existing programmes and service providers.
Minutes of meetings.
Media reports documented.
Samples of existing useful awareness and communication materials.
Education, awareness and communication programme schedules implemented.
Reduction in illegal waste disposal.
Interviews conducted to verify impact of the awareness and communication process.
Evaluation and monitoring reports recording the effectiveness of the programme.
Record of the additional education, awareness and communication needs identified.

3.9 Organisational and Financial Sustainability

The period from January to September 1999 is a transitional phase during which the NWMS project responsibilities move from the Danish and South African consulting teams to DEAT and DWAF.

This transfer of responsibilities requires that specific departmental personnel, referred to as Departmental Task Leaders (DTLs), are tasked with overseeing the implementation of the various Action Plans.

DEAT will be the environmental lead agent for waste and will assume responsibility for the integrated waste management process. The recently established Environmental Capacity Building Unit will undertake the implementation of the capacity building, education, awareness and communication action plan (Annexure D). Organisational and financial sustainability is dependent upon commitment by national government to allocate the necessary financial resources as well as the development by DEAT of capacity and awareness projects. . Organisational and financial sustainability at provincial and local government level depends on the availability of financial and personnel resources.

The time schedules established in this Action Plan are very constrained. If there is any delay, specifically in providing finance and personnel as well as in enacting the required legislation, the implementation of the Action Plan will be delayed. Contingency plans need to be in place if delays are significant and negatively impact on the progress of the other NWMS initiatives.

4. IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Functions, Roles and Responsibilities of Implementers

To ensure the successful and sustainable implementation of the Action Plan for Capacity Building, Education, Awareness and Communication, commitment and dedication will be required from the relevant government personnel, as well as support from management, both politically and in the allocation of staff members and stakeholders.

The Project Management Group (PMG), comprising DEAT/DWAF and DANCED, is currently managing the development of the Strategy and Action Plans, but the Action Plan Implementation Group (APIG) has the overall responsibility for finalising implementation of the Action Plans. The Departmental Task Leader (DTL) for the capacity building, education, awareness and communication Action Plan will report to the APIG on progress made, problems encountered and other implementation issues. The DTL will take full responsibility for the implementation of the Action Plan and will carry out decisions taken at the APIG meetings. This will include networking with other Action Plan DTLs and the monitoring the progress made in implementation. After September 1999, the APIG will be replaced by DEAT, the MINTECH Workgroup 3 and the CEC.

The development of the implementing instruments by DEAT and DWAF will be undertaken during the period January to September 1999, and will be ongoing thereafter, as and when required. These instruments consist of an Institutional Framework, Legislation, Funding Mechanisms, Partnerships and Public Participation, and Education and Awareness Campaigns.

4.2 Action Plan Review, Evaluation and Reporting

After completion of the implementation of this Action Plan in 2004, the Plan will be evaluated by DEAT in consultation with the industry associations, other national government departments, provinces, local governments and other stakeholders. An evaluation report on the achievement of the immediate objectives and all outputs within the specified time frames, and recommendations for future action plans will be prepared by DEAT and discussed with relevant stakeholders through the appropriate stakeholder forums.

Based on the results achieved by this short-term Action Plan, the medium and long-term initiatives of the NWMS will be reviewed and revised, if necessary. On this basis, DEAT will prepare a new generation of Action Plans in order to achieve the medium and long term objectives of the National Waste Management Strategy.

4.3 Project Implementation Plan

The National Waste Management Strategy has been designed to be implemented over a period of thirteen years, culminating in full implementation in the year 2012. The period covered by this Action Plan is July 1999 - December 2004 and in this time period capacity building, education, awareness and communication programmes will have been undertaken for the short-term implementation of the NWMS in accordance with Annexure C.

Annexure A

Institutions and Organisations Providing Waste Management Capacity Building Programmes.

UNIVERSITIES

A Prospectus

Graduates courses that are also available for practitioners of waste management (Wits University)
Each course runs over 5 days of concentrated study and includes an examination and a project

COURSES PRESENTLY PROVIDED

1. University of Cape Town
An introduction to environmental processing engineering
- Contains 6 lectures on solid waste management - (CHE 424 F)

2. University of Natal
Final year undergraduate course MSC and Winter short courses

Overview of components of the courses

2.1. The Environment
Physical; chemical, biotic; population and communities; food chains; niches and competition; changes in communities; population dynamics.
The ecology of man; modification of the environment.
Exploitation and the conservation/preservation conundrum.
Basic biochemistry and microbiology

2.2. The components of the solid waste management systems
Storage; collection; transfer and transport; disposal; recycling and resource recovery and appropriate technology)

2.3. Waste classification
Hazardous and toxic components of waste elements in the waste stream, monitoring and controlling, ultimate disposal

2.4. Disposal
Alternatives; recycling and resource recovery; incineration; pyrolysis; RDF and WDF; WDF; landfill; problems and opportunities

2.5. Waste disposal site selection criteria
The classes and quantities of waste to be disposed of at the site; the class of the site required; people factors; political; economic; NIMBY; legislation and EICR; logistics; topography; regional and town planning constraints; water regime; ground and surface water pollution; soil and geology; geohydrology and permeability; attenuation mechanisms

2.6. Waste disposal site design
The waste acceptance; water regime; minimising environment impacts; rehabilitation and after-use.

2.7. RSA Legislation
The ECA (Act 73 of 1982 and the amendment to this Act) and other legislation that impinges on the problem.

2.8. Public participation processes

2.9. Permitting sites
Select; procure; design and license a site; the EICR as opposed to the EIA.

2.10. Managing sites
The daily operation; site technical audits; environmental audits.

2.11. Special interest topics
Landfill gas and leachate; medical waste incineration; contaminated site remediation.

3. Wits University

3.1 Design of municipal solid waste disposal system
Legal constraints and regulation pertaining to disposal of municipal solid waste
Types of waste disposal systems
Choice and exploration of suitable sites
Microbiological processes in landfills
Microbiological treatment of leachate
Generation, extraction and utilisation of landfill gas
Climatic and water balance considerations
Engineering of landfill sites
Landfill practice

3.2 Design of mine waste disposal systems
Legal constraints and regulations pertaining to mine waste disposal
Types of waste disposal systems
Choice and exploration of suitable sites
Characteristics and engineering properties of tailings and waste materials
Hydrological and hydraulic aspects of the design of waste disposal systems
Monitoring and appraisal of safety

4. Potchefstroom University (Centre for Regional Development)

Environmental Management Courses (runs for 5 days)

4.1 Introduction to Environmental management
4.2 environmental Law
4.3 Environmental management system (SABS/ISO 14001: 1996)
4.4 Environmental Auditing
4.5 Rehabilitation of Disturbed Areas
4.6 Managing conflict - Public involvement in EIA
4.7 Waste Management for Environmental Managers
4.8 Environmental Risk Assessment
4.9 EIA
4.10 Environmental Law: Update
4.11 National Environmental management Act 9107 of 1998) and Environmental conservation Act (73 of 19890): Survival kit
4.12. Practical Facilitation skills for Environmental Managers
4.13 Practical Public involvement (PI) for Environmental Managers
4.14 Handling, Storage and Transportation of Hazardous Goods
4.15 SABS/ISO 14001 SABS/ISO 9000 and Safety and Health: Integration of Management Systems
4.16 Masters programme in Environmental Management and Analysis

Development Courses
4.17 Public Private Partnership
4.18 Financial Strategy formulation for integrated development planning: The application of the Combined Service Model

5. University of Pretoria

SHORT COURSES

New Water Act and Water Quality Management

Course Structure
5.1 DWAF policies and strategies with regard to water quality management
5.2 Requirements of the new Water Act with respect to water pollution control
5.3 Physical-chemical and biological aspects of water quality
5.4 Water reduction, optimal water use and clean technology in industry and mining
5.5 Physical-chemical and biological treatment processes
5.6 Mine water management
5.7 Solid waste disposal

IN HOUSE TRAINING INFORMATION

MSC and PHD Students (working on various issues of environmental engineering with a strong focus on waste management) - UCT

Also taught staff of the Nutrition Department of the Environment and Quality of Life - UniNatal

Short courses: Biological and chemical sludge handling and disposal UP

OTHER:
* UCT is contemplating the introduction of taught courses at masters level
* IWM and Natal Technikon - Supervisor’s course - ICEM Branch
* Wits have maintained research programmes in the areas of solid waste and mine waste for many years and can offer training in materials testing and analysis in these areas
* UP since the end of 1998, they have a chair in solid and liquid wastes sponsored by ERWAT. This will increases their capacity of training people in waste manufacture and treatment.

SERVICE PROVIDERS

COURSES PRESENTLY OFFERED

1. Drizit
Oil spills clean up and Oil pollution control courses

2. SRK
Informal courses on Legislation, Minimum Requirement, Development and management of waste management plans, Waste management, Review, auditing and evaluation systems and project management

IN HOUSE TRAINING INFORMATION

Minimum Requirements (Landfill design and operation; transport and process optimisation) SKC

OTHER:

In-house program development - SKC Waste Model (Modelling and analysing of solid waste management in metropolitan and urban areas.

TECHNIKONS

COURSES PRESENTLY OFFERED

* WM is offered as part of Environmental Pollution in the 2nd year of study for National
Diploma in Environmental Health and as a special course for B. Tech levels PT (Masters and Doctorate level that relates to the waste management field)

The details of present programmes recognised by industry as well as professional bodies are as follows:

1 Technikon Certificate programmes

1.1 A two week course dealing with the technical as well as management aspects of waste

1.2 A one week course dealing specifically with the management of hazardous and toxic waste

2. National Diploma: Environmental Health

A second year subject (Environmental Pollution II: Water and Waste. This subject is presented over one academic year and forms part of the above programme

SYLLABI
1. Waste technology

1.1. Types and definitions
1.2 Origin
1.3. Storage and collection
1.4. Transport
1.5 Disposal/Dumping
1.6 "Tidy town system"
1.7 Applied technology

3. Baccalaureus Technologiae: Environmental Health

Waste management IV is available as option to specialise in on level IV of this degree programme

SYLLABI

1. Sources of waste

2. Composition and analysis

3. Quantification of waste nuisances

4. Dumping

5. Methods for treatment of waste

5.1 Storage of waste
5.2 Waste treatment

6. Indicators to determine health risk

7. Techno-economic studies

8. Safety

9. Health risks of waste to man

10. Legislation

4. Masters and Doctorate degrees in Technology: Environmental Health

On this level a student can do post graduate studies (research) in the waste management field

SHORT COURSES

1. Waste Technology

Course Structure

Week 1	Technical aspects Storage Collection Transport Treatment Disposal
Week 2	Managerial aspects Changing attitudes Dealing with personal change and managing organisational change Planning and organising - The effect of people involvement Changing dependence into independence Changing dependence into interdependence Utilisation of human resources Entrepreneurship Successful people - their most important beliefs

Above include strategic planning, managerial processes and principles, labour relations, role and position of supervisors

2. Management of hazardous and Toxic waste

Course Structure

1. Introduction and background: Origin, Why a problem?
Quantities, Existence in domestic, Solid and liquid waste
2. Legal aspects and SABS: ISO 14001
3. Identification and Classification
4. Storage
5. Collection
6. Transport
7. Treatment and Processing
8. Disposal

IN HOUSE TRAINING INFORMATION
The National Diploma level provides the students with the concepts of waste management. The B. Tech is aimed at developing the students ability to transmit complex and diverse information, develop the following activities: Research, holistic thinking, problem identification and problem solving by means of seminars, informal lectures, assignment discussion and compe