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The Buffalo estuary
(33°2' S;
27°55' E)
is situated at the coastal city of East London in the Eastern Cape. The river is approximately 133 km long with a catchment area of 1 279 sq. km. About 12% of the Buffalo catchment was under agriculture, mainly subsistence farming, commercial forestry, temporary commercial dryland agriculture and temporary commercial irrigated agriculture. Approximately 17% of the catchment was degraded and consisted mainly of degraded grassland and bushland. About 59% of the Buffalo catchment was natural and comprised mostly bushland, grassland and forest. Urban development accounted for roughly 12% of the land-cover. This was mainly residential, industrial, and commercial development associated with the coastal city of East London and the inland towns of Bisho and King Williams Town.
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