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The Keiskamma estuary
(33°17' S;
27°29' E)
is found on the Ciskei coast of the Eastern Cape and is situated approximately midway between the City of East London in the north and the coastal town of Port Alfred in the south. The river is approximately 263 km long with a catchment area of 2 745 sq. km. About 11% of the Keiskamma catchment was under agriculture. Most of this comprised subsistence farming and commercial forestry with some temporary commercial irrigated agriculture. Approximately 27% of the catchment was degraded, comprising mainly degraded grassland and bushland. Roughly 57% of the Keiskamma catchment was natural and consisted primarily of bushland, grassland and forest with some shrubland also present. Urban development accounted for approximately 5% of the catchment land-cover and this comprised mainly residential development.
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