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The Tyolomnqa estuary
(33°14' S;
27°35' E)
lies southwest of the coastal city of East London and forms the northern border of the Ciskei coast of the Eastern Cape. The river is approximately 78 km long with a catchment area of 441 sq. km. Agriculture, mostly subsistence farming, temporary commercial dryland agriculture, and commercial forestry accounted for approximately 14% of the land-cover in the Tyolomnqa catchment. About 13% of the catchment comprised degraded grassland while approximately 70% was natural. Natural land-cover consisted primarily of bushland and grassland. Urban development comprised roughly 3% of the catchment land-cover and this was mainly residential (rural) development.
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